Best Virtual Football Pro Betting Sites in 2025

Be Smart -- Choose One Of Our Virtual Football Pro Betting Site Recommendations

The Web contains a huge amount of virtual football pro betting site information, sure.

Unfortunately, a lot of what you read is inaccurate and fails to examine sites closely.

Wegamble uses a different method.

We spend hours betting on each of the betting sites we assess.

As a result, we can give you an honest and thorough account of a site’s advantages and disadvantages.

To date, the wegamble team has reviewed hundreds of betting platforms and outlines our top-rated virtual football pro betting platforms for you to consider.

You’re welcome.

Identifying The Best Virtual Football Pro Betting Sites In 2025

Selecting the best betting site with virtual football pro that fits your expectations is crucial.

Focus on finding the features you value the most.

The aspects outlined below will help you figure out how to choose the best virtual football pro betting sites for your needs.

Trustworthiness

The reputation of the virtual football pro betting site you choose is crucial.

We check the following features when making our recommendations:

• The licenses of the betting site with virtual football pro
• Seniority — how old is the virtual football pro betting site?
• Complaints received — how many formal complaints has the betting site with virtual football pro received?
• Complaint resolution — are complaints assessed publicly and resolved by the betting site with virtual football pro?

You have to know that you can trust the betting website with virtual football pro you’re depositing money with.

Consequently, knowing whether the brand has a history of satisfied customers with few reports of scams is crucial information.

Restricted countries

It can be a deal-breaker if a virtual football pro betting website doesn’t offer services to players in your country.

Indeed, there are potential limitations on the sites you can choose in your country.

In the event your location is restricted, the virtual football pro betting site may not display your country in the registration list.

The trick is, many betting sites will not bother checking your country of residence.

As a result, you can register and fund your account on these betting sites.

It doesn’t matter if they don’t usually accept users from your country.

Unfortunately, the day you decide to withdraw your funds, the betting site asks for account verification.

After they conduct their security checks, if they determine that you have violated their T&Cs by playing in a prohibited country …

Your accounts and the funds in it may be completely frozen.

Low-quality betting platforms with virtual football pro take this opportunity to keep your money permanently.

That’s why it’s extremely important to make sure you are allowed to bet on the virtual football pro betting website you choose.

Fortunately, we make it easy for you.

We make a huge effort to research and recommend only the best virtual football pro betting websites that are available in your location.

Please use the handy tool at the top-right of your screen and accurately select your location to ensure we provide the right betting website with virtual football pro information.

VIP benefits

With so many rivals, virtual football pro betting websites need to offer unique promotions and VIP packages to attract and keep players.

At first glance, these offers seem fantastic and worth taking advantage of.

Yet if you dig deeper, you will generally find many conditions attached.

You should stick to virtual football pro betting platforms that have few conditions with their promotions.

What promotions are available on the Virtual Football Pro Betting Website?

Don’t assume that every betting site with virtual football pro provides exclusive and unique promotions.

Quite a few try to bring in players using registration bonuses that include strict betting requirements.

In contrast, the best betting sites with virtual football pro reward players with outstanding promotions.

Such promotions help keep you entertained and increase your balance. As a result, you enjoy more bang for your buck.

What is the VIP program like?

Aside from promotions, many virtual football pro betting sites also keep loyal players on board with VIP benefits.

A VIP package should include benefits and promotions that standard players don’t receive.

These extras could include high stakes tables, increased withdrawal and deposit limits, free spins, etc.

A good VIP program promotes loyalty amongst players and enhances their user experience.

Therefore, investigate the VIP offerings on any virtual football pro betting website that interests you.

What payment methods does the Virtual Football Pro Betting Site accept?

Practically every betting site with virtual football pro allows players to deposit and withdraw via debit/credit cards.

But what if you want other payment methods?

For most players, having a greater number of options is convenient.

Also, there are advantages and disadvantages to every method of payment.

For instance, some virtual football pro betting sites offer bonuses for specific payment methods.

It so happens that bonuses are extremely important for betting platforms with virtual football pro.

Virtual Football Pro Betting Sites games quality & quantity

Regardless of whether you love the virtual football pro betting site experience, a small selection of games rapidly becomes repetitive.

The best option is to use a virtual football pro betting site with a massive number of in-demand games.

We take a close look at the different types of games offered by virtual football pro betting sites, so you can find out if the site will keep your attention.

Are there enough games?

The more games a betting website has, the more choice you have!

Some virtual football pro betting sites offer a low number of games which you’ll quickly grow tired of playing.

What you need is a virtual football pro betting site with a large enough choice to keep you entertained.

Our team outlines the selection of games in our ratings to ensure you understand which virtual football pro betting sites can keep you entertained.

Look for popular games

Some virtual football pro betting sites have thousands of games to choose from.

However, this means little if they don’t also have the most popular games on the market.

It is important to note that a huge selection doesn’t mean you’re getting great games.

Ideally, you should choose a virtual football pro betting website that combines popular games with a huge choice.

It isn’t always easy to find this combination, but fortunately for you, we have everything covered.

Customer service

The quality of support provided by an virtual football pro betting site is crucial to your user experience.

If you have a problem with the site, you need a high-quality customer service team to help you out. Otherwise, you’ll quickly become frustrated when wagering.

Top-rated virtual football pro betting companies know this, which is why they provide the right standard of customer service.

They usually have long customer support opening hours and a team that quickly solves your issue.

In addition, live chat is now a standard offering among the best betting websites with virtual football pro.

Yet another feature is a detailed FAQ section that answers the majority of customer queries.

Therefore, most of the time, you don’t need to wait in a live chat queue.

Welcome bonus standard

It is standard for virtual football pro betting sites to provide a welcome bonus when you sign up or deposit for the first time.

Obviously, such offers are never free from sometimes very strict conditions.

Large betting requirements (usually 30x to 60x your deposit) and other restrictive conditions are most often required by virtual football pro betting platforms to release the bonus.

Therefore, welcome bonuses are rarely a good thing for players. That’s why you shouldn’t focus on them.

Your priority? Selecting a virtual football pro betting site that offers great promotions and VIP benefits instead.

Ultimately, they are way better than welcome bonuses in most cases.

Things To Consider When Gambling Online

Although online betting offers excitement to millions of people, there are also dangers associated with it.

An increasing group of people have an addiction to gambling online, and many even lose their life savings.

As a result, we have created a quick guide outlining what you should and should NOT do when using a virtual football pro betting website.

Dos

Analyze the reviews written by the wegamble team to find out which virtual football pro betting sites are worth your time, money, and trust.

It is also essential to use two-factor authentication (2FA) to keep your account secure.

2FA provides an extra layer of security because it requires two separate means of identification to log in.

When you try to access your account, you must use the code sent to your phone or tablet and know the password.

It is also worth considering a Virtual Private Network (VPN) as it offers a secure and encrypted connection to the Internet.

A VPN hides your IP address, thus creating a private network that allows you to anonymously register with the virtual football pro betting site.

When you begin, create a strict bankroll and focus on games where the virtual football pro betting website’s edge is low.

Also, keep a careful record of how much you win or lose to see if you tend to risk too much money.

Rather than spending too long sitting at a screen, take regular breaks to give your brain time to recharge.

You might find that the break helps you become more focused, or else you decide that you’ve had enough of wagering on the site for the day.

If you find a handful of reputable virtual football pro betting sites, learn which one provides the best bonuses to ensure you get value for money.

Carefully read the site’s terms and conditions and the rules of any game you intend to try.

Lastly, rather than using a traditional payment method like a bank transfer, see if you can use cryptocurrency instead.

This helps provide even more privacy on the virtual football pro betting site, and ensures your bank doesn’t know about your hobby.

Don'ts

If you begin spending more time and money than is advisable on a betting platform, you may want to shut down your account.

Failure to do so at this point may result in a gambling addiction that could ruin your life.

Therefore, avoid borrowing cash to feed your habit lest you start owing money you can’t pay.

Furthermore, chasing your losses is a problem as most people with this mindset end up losing more money.

A sensible approach is to decide on an initial bankroll and a staking method and not deviating from them.

When using a virtual football pro betting site, register and log in from a secure Internet connection, such as the one in your house.

If you use a public network, you’re asking for big trouble.

With no password required, the wireless traffic is unencrypted and visible to everyone in range.

As a result, you lose your privacy; it is even possible to know if someone connects to their banking website.

Finally, avoid betting after or during the consumption of alcohol or other intoxicants.

Such substances can lower your inhibitions, causing you to lose money at a faster rate than you thought possible.

Our Procedure To Review Betting Sites

Each wegamble team member is an experienced player, and the knowledge we’ve gained helps us create honest and detailed virtual football pro betting website reviews.

This is an overview of the steps we take in creating our in-depth content.

1. We register with the Virtual Football Pro Betting Site and make a deposit

Our first act is to register with the virtual football pro betting platform.

At this stage, we outline any restrictions on location.

Doing so ensures we let you know if the site bans users from your country.

After that, we add our personal data and deposit some money.

Not only do we determine the full list of the requested information, but we also find out about the payment methods you can use.

By now, we know whether the process is quick and easy or long and complicated.

2. We play games on the Virtual Football Pro Betting Site

Creating a high-quality betting site with virtual football pro review involves a detailed analysis of what it offers.

Consequently, playing games for hours is a crucial component of understanding the site.

Our team isn’t content until it has played dozens of games to discover the standard of gameplay.

In our opinion, it is a necessity to ensure we get a first-hand account to outline what you can expect.

We believe that betting for a long time gives us the best possible feel of a site’s design and lets us find bugs.

Ultimately, taking our time to investigate a virtual football pro betting company thoroughly helps us find out if you’re likely to get bored or not.

3. We contact customer service

Our team’s communication with a virtual football pro betting site’s customer support team is crucial in rating a company overall.

You will quickly grow frustrated at slow-responding or unhelpful support if you have a problem with the site.

As a result, we focus on chatting to a virtual football pro betting website’s support team to see if it offers a good standard of service.

It is an act that informs us whether a company cares about its customers or not.

We send detailed questions to a site’s customer service department to see how well trained the support team is.

4. We withdraw our balance

We always ensure there is enough money left to withdraw once we finish our playing experience.

We pay close attention to how easy or difficult it is to withdraw your balance from a virtual football pro betting site.

Indeed, scam betting websites do everything they can to prevent you from withdrawing money.

This can include freezing your account and only asking for verification once you try to withdraw.

We write about any issues faced when looking to honestly withdraw our winnings, including restrictions.

Furthermore, we inform you of the payment methods on offer, not to mention how long it takes to get your money.

5. We investigate complaints, reputation, and other information

Even all of the above isn’t yet enough to provide the in-depth reviews written by wegamble.

We also check out any complaints related to the virtual football pro betting company, along with its overall reputation.

After this process, our knowledge of a virtual football pro betting site is almost unrivaled.

We include data regarding any noteworthy problems in our review.

While most sites are content to finish their research by now, we go one step further.

6. We ask customers what they think

Learning what a real virtual football pro betting website user thinks is one of the best ways to get a true idea of its quality.

We get in contact with individuals who have used the virtual football pro betting websites we review.

It is essential to get the views of other users because we can’t completely rely on each of our reviewers’ individual experience.

There’s a possibility that the virtual football pro betting website fixed the bug we found quickly or that the customer service member we spoke to was new.

When we get player feedback, we can see a pattern, whether it is good or bad.

At this point, we have little doubt that what you read in our review is what you can expect from the virtual football pro betting site in question.

All of the above is time-consuming and hard work, but we’re grateful for the chance to provide the service.

How To Use Virtual Football Pro Betting Sites

You might find things a little confusing when using a virtual football pro betting site for the first time.

With this in mind, we have created a quick guide to help you register with a site, and enjoy its games.

Go to our list and pick a Virtual Football Pro Betting Site

A quick search for virtual football pro betting sites online will reveal an enormous number of options.

Obviously, not every site is safe or trustworthy.

The wegamble team has reviewed a huge proportion of available sites for your convenience.

We believe our comprehensive review section offers everything you need to know about virtual football pro betting sites to make an informed decision.

It is best to choose a few virtual football pro betting companies on the list and check out the most important features to you.

Analyzing multiple sites side-by-side enables you to determine the best fit quickly.

Once you’re satisfied with your choice, the next step is to open an account.

Register your account

Creating an account with any betting platform with virtual football pro involves registering and entering your personal information.

You must enter this data correctly, especially regarding where you live and the currency you wish to use.

This is because most betting platforms with virtual football pro don’t allow people from certain countries to register legally.

If you lie about your location, the betting site could ban you later.

What’s worse is that some virtual football pro betting sites only perform verification after you have won money.

Such sites can keep your money and ban you.

As a result, pick a new betting website with virtual football pro from our list if your preferred option forbids users from your country.

That way, you don’t get a nasty surprise later on.

Deposit money

Once you become a registered user, you must deposit funds if you intend to bet.

One important rule is to only bet with a sum of money you can lose without causing stress or financial hardship.

Have a strong idea of how much you can spend, and never go above that limit.

This practice keeps your losses under control and enables you to have fun.

Check out our payment methods section to learn more about the various depositing options.

Finding the best sports markets

You’ll find it easy to find sports online thanks to the rapid increase in available betting platforms.

There is an incredible list of sports to choose from in the modern era.

You can focus on American football, soccer, rugby union, baseball, and much more.

Maybe you have a sport that you specialize in and want to use your knowledge to make money.

If you don’t, it is crucial to focus on the prices and markets available on virtual football pro betting sites.

It is also essential to have a set bankroll and staking limits to ensure you don’t overspend.

Withdrawals

Congratulations! You have made some clever moves and now want to withdraw your money safely.

Please read the virtual football pro betting platform’s terms and conditions to ensure you’re aware of any limitations on withdrawals.

You might find that the virtual football pro betting site won’t allow you to enjoy your winnings until you’ve met certain stipulations.

You’ll also discover that the process of depositing and withdrawing is easier when you use the same payment method for both.

Should you decide to use a new payment method, prepare to include more details.

Some forms of payment ensure you receive your money in a few minutes, while others can take days.

Withdrawing & Depositing Money On Virtual Football Pro Betting Sites

Virtual football pro betting websites offer customers a wide range of ways to pay.

However, not all are created the same.

Each one has pros & cons.

The method you choose depends on your requirements.

Below, we present various common payment methods to enable you to select the right one.

Bank transfers

One of the main reasons why people use bank transfers is due to the level of security involved.

Nonetheless, this form of payment is inferior to debit or credit card payments in almost every way.

First of all, it is necessary to verify your bank account with the virtual football pro betting site.

This is to allow the bank to contact you if it spots potentially fraudulent activity (Know Your Customer procedures).

Although this is good from a safety perspective, bank transfers remain extremely slow.

Believe it or not, a transaction could take day numerous working days to process.

The outcome is that you can’t use a virtual football pro betting site if you have no money in your account when depositing.

Furthermore, you can forget about enjoying a large cash win since it takes days for it to get to your bank account.

Having to disclose bank account information to virtual football pro betting sites is also uncomfortable.

Unfortunately, depositing or withdrawing money via bank transfer on a virtual football pro betting website could spell the end of a mortgage application.

Overall, using a bank transfer as a payment method on virtual football pro betting sites is best avoided.

Credit/Debit cards

At present, this is the most widely used form of payment on betting sites with virtual football pro.

Companies such as MasterCard, AmEx, and Visa are among the leaders in the industry.

Customers enjoy the fast transaction speed offered by a credit or debit card.

When you use these cards, withdrawals and deposits are extremely quick.

Cards are also an extremely convenient method of payment.

Nonetheless, a major downside is that debit and credit card companies don’t like it when you use a card on a betting site with virtual football pro.

It is best to avoid using one of these cards when gambling if applying for a mortgage is something you intend to do.

There are many reports of banks refusing mortgage applications due to virtual football pro betting website activity on a person’s account.

Consequently, you might find that this isn’t the best payment method when using betting platforms with virtual football pro.

Digital currencies

This is a form of decentralized money that is becoming a popular method of buying things online.

There are thousands of cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, which has the biggest market cap, Ethereum, and Cardano.

Advantages of cryptocurrencies

Virtual football pro betting companies tend to allow cryptocurrency transactions because they are secure and unrelated to traditional financial institutions.

There is no need to open a bank account when using digital currency.

Unlike debit and credit cards, or even E-wallets, cryptocurrency allows for a high level of privacy.

Apart from anonymity, there are many more advantages involved in using digital currency.

Another pro associated with cryptocurrency is the incredible speed of transactions.

Also, Bitcoin, in particular, is extremely safe to use because its networks have never been hacked.

From a financial perspective, you might receive a bonus from a virtual football pro betting website for using a digital coin.

This is because crypto benefits the virtual football pro betting sites too.

The privacy provided by cryptocurrencies extends to these organizations, and they also save money on fees compared to other payment methods.

Disadvantages of cryptocurrencies

Yet you must understand the risks associated with using digital currency.

For a start, all cryptocurrency transfers are non-reversible.

Unfortunately, this means your money is gone permanently if a dodgy betting platform scams you.

As there is no regulation, no financial authority can help you out.

Another issue is that the crypto market rises and falls unpredictably and quickly.

Should you win crypto, keep it, and sell when the price rises, you can make the most of your winnings.

Yet, there is equally a chance of the currency’s value plummeting soon after you win it.

Cash to tickets

With this method of payment, you use vouchers as cash in betting sites with virtual football pro.

Prominent companies include PaySafeCard, CashtoCode, and Flexepin.

Benefits of cash to tickets

Cash to tickets are becoming popular amongst betting website with virtual football pro players in places like North America.

Security is one of the biggest benefits; you need the PIN code to start using the money in the voucher.

You should find it relatively easy to find cash to tickets from the biggest industry names in convenience stores.

You benefit from more privacy than with E-wallets or banks.

Neither your bank nor anyone else will know you use a cash to ticket on a betting platform with virtual football pro as you have to buy a separate voucher.

Also, you can only spend the amount on the voucher, which means you’re less likely to lose large amounts quickly.

Disadvantages of cash to tickets

If you lose the ticket before entering the PIN code, you lose all the money you spent on it.

It is impossible to withdraw winnings to a voucher.

For high rollers, the limits on a ticket’s balance often prove far too low.

In addition, once you buy and use a cash to ticket, you can’t reverse the transaction.

Therefore, using it on a scam betting site with virtual football pro means you lose your full balance.

Finally, it is an extremely inconvenient method.

You have to travel to a local store with cash every time you want a new voucher.

E-Wallets

You can place money in an electronic wallet and move it from there to a betting website with virtual football pro.

Companies such as Skrill, Neteller, and PayPal are among the most popular E-wallets.

Benefits of E-wallets

Assuming you have money in your bank account, you can place it into your E-wallet via your debit or credit card and spend it as you wish.

As long as you have money in your E-wallet, the transfer is instant.

When you conduct E-wallet transactions, the bank has no knowledge of them.

It is unaware of how you’re spending the money.

As a consequence, your pastime is unlikely to be a reason for missing out on a mortgage.

Fortunately, almost every virtual football pro betting site worth using allows customers to transfer money via an E-wallet.

Best of all, it only takes a few minutes to set up an E-wallet.

Disadvantages of E-wallets

Even though it has many benefits, there are a few minus points to consider.

Certain E-wallets charge significant fees when you withdraw or convert currency.

These merchants are also bound to uphold strict rules.

As a result, players in certain countries can’t withdraw their winnings.

In addition, there is a chance that your money gets frozen until the company finishes checking your eligibility.

It is even possible that when the E-wallet provider finishes this process, it decides to close your account permanently.

Finally, E-wallets have gained a reputation for providing extremely poor customer service.

If you have a pressing issue with your account, it could take them weeks to help you solve it.

A Quick Guide To Safety When Gambling Online

Hopefully, the huge range of games on virtual football pro betting websites proves entertaining to you.

However, there are risks associated with online gambling.

Common sense safety

Rule #1 of online gambling is to decide on your maximum allowable losses before you begin and never exceed this limit.

Don’t be afraid to get help if you think you have a gambling addiction.

With little in the way of tight virtual football pro betting site regulation, it is more important than ever to read our detailed reviews on these sites before spending any cash.

Never wager on a public Wi-Fi network because the sites you visit are not encrypted.

You should also have two-factor authentication (2FA) to reduce the risk of someone accessing your account and stealing your money.

Consider using cryptocurrency instead of fiat currency on virtual football pro betting websites to keep your bank in the dark about your pastime.

Finally, don’t get involved with virtual football pro betting sites while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and don’t chase your losses.

Check the following when in doubt

It is sensible to analyze whether a virtual football pro betting website’s customer support is of a reasonable quality before registering.

If the site refuses to help you with a problem once you’ve already deposited money, it is a frustrating and concerning experience.

Along with licenses and reputation, the customer support provided by virtual football pro betting sites is among the most important criteria in our reviews.

You could also approach sites with caution by depositing small sums of money at first.

Focus on the quality and quantity of the games available to determine if the virtual football pro betting site will continue to grab your attention.

Although it’s easy to find access to various bonuses, relatively few of them will benefit you, so pay attention to the terms and conditions.

It is also essential to use a virtual football pro betting site that comes with SSL certification to store your private data safely.

If you use crypto

Cryptocurrency use on betting sites with virtual football pro is growing in popularity, as companies even offer bonuses for using it.

Those who already use crypto transactions love the speed, reliability, and privacy provided while gaming.

A significant minus is that you’ll probably lose the entire transaction amount if you make a mistake.

Therefore, triple-check the wallet address before completing any crypto withdrawals or deposits.

Check the last ten letters to ensure there are no errors in the transaction.

Sending it to the wrong place might result in the loss of everything you send.

It is also extremely important to double-check the crypto and the blockchain you want to use.

Failure to do so might result in you sending the wrong type of crypto or significantly more cash than expected.

Crypto assets’ value rises and falls so quickly that you could lose out with even a minor mistake.

What Type Of Bonuses & Rewards Do Virtual Football Pro Betting Sites Offer?

Virtual football pro betting websites must provide an impressive array of bonuses and rewards to stay relevant in a growing market.

There is no question that providing bonuses can bring in and keep players and may seem beneficial at first.

However, not every reward is useful, so you need to check out the terms and conditions associated with each virtual football pro betting website’s offering.

Now, let’s investigate the various bonus types offered by virtual football pro betting sites, including what they give new customers.

No deposit bonuses

With this bonus, you enjoy a balance boost or additional spins without any requirement to deposit.

It is a handy way to see if you like the virtual football pro betting site’s games without risking any cash.

However, while there is no deposit stipulation, there are specific criteria you must meet to cash out the money.

You can expect to play through the bonus 30+ times before withdrawing it.

For instance, a site might give you a $10 bonus, but you have to make $300 of bets before you can take the money.

Even so, it is usually worth claiming the no deposit bonus so you can get a risk-free feel for the virtual football pro betting website.

Unfortunately, unless you’re a new customer, you’re unlikely to receive the offer.

Welcome bonus

Almost every virtual football pro betting website offers a welcome bonus once you sign up and deposit.

Betting sites with virtual football pro claim it is a way to thank newcomers for joining, but it is really a way to keep you on the site.

It is common practice to give a 100% bonus, which means the site gives you the same amount as your deposit for free.

If you deposit $200 in this example, you receive an additional $200 from the virtual football pro betting website

You may also get free spins to get you interested in a specific slots game on the betting website with virtual football pro.

Being fooled by the apparent generosity of these bonuses is easy.

However, they tend to contain various terms and conditions that make it difficult to truly benefit.

For example, you can only cash out the betting website with virtual football pro bonus once you have gone through at least 30 times your first deposit.

As a result, it takes $3,000 of bets after a $100 deposit to ensure you’re eligible to withdraw the bonus.

Reload bonuses

You receive a reload bonus when you deposit more money to your account.

While the welcome bonus gets you started, a reload ensures you continue using the betting site with virtual football pro.

If you use a specific site a lot, you might earn reload bonuses every few weeks or monthly.

Unlike welcome bonuses, which are widely advertised, reloads are normally offered via text or email.

This is mainly because this bonus is often personalized and depends on how much someone spends on the virtual football pro betting company.

Don’t expect a reload bonus unless you meet the minimum deposit stipulation.

However, you’ll probably continue to get reload bonuses from a betting website with virtual football pro if you’re a loyal customer.

High roller bonuses

These bonuses have many names, including loyalty, VIP, exclusive, or high roller bonuses.

Betting websites with virtual football pro give these rewards to individuals who spend a lot of money on the site.

Exclusive bonuses can include free spins or bets, higher withdrawal limits, and other perks not available to standard site users.

These programs are often divided into several levels, with those on top of this pyramid enjoying the greatest rewards.

A cashback is an interesting offering because you receive a percentage of your losses in bonus form.

If a betting site with virtual football pro offers it, check the terms and conditions to see what percentage of your losses it returns monthly.

While the term ‘high roller’ sounds cool, it might indicate that you’re enduring heavy losses.